IF, as it seems likely, the tragic attack in Manchester turns out to be the work of a suicide bomber, we should mourn the dead, help the injured, counsel the grieving – and not do anything stupid.

The last decade and a half have shown that these events are now part of life, not just in major Western cities such as Paris, Berlin, Boston or London, but throughout the world in Mumbai, Lagos or Hotan. What they are not, are incidents whose likelihood (or not) is related to some instant response or lashing out.

At this point the roots of what is occurring in this ongoing “war”, be it in Syria, Yemen, Nice or Manchester, are so convoluted that explanation is extremely difficult. What can be argued, however, is that an instant military response or immediate escalation of violence in reaction to such attacks has achieved little or nothing, and might even be counterproductive.

Over the last 15 years, the US, UK and their allies have waged an ongoing war, with moments of escalation and extreme force, yet the “enemy” adapts, changes shape and continues to attack. Even if, as is very possible, this attacker had pledged loyalty to Daesh, there is no evidence that filling the Syrian desert with more military ordnance will make our lives any safer. Indeed, the opposite may be true.

On the other hand, we must always keep in mind that we in the West live lives of extraordinary safety in relative and historical terms. These incidents are terrible, and they occur with what seems to be a drip-drip regularity, but they lead to a very small number of deaths compared to the most mundane of activities.

In the US, it has been calculated that in the last 20 years (including 9/11) Americans were more likely to be killed by lightning, or indeed by their own clothes melting or igniting, than by a terrorist attack launched by a non-US citizen. So mourn, yes. Condemn, yes. But let’s not start dropping bombs because we feel we must do something.

Phillips O’Brien, is professor of strategic studies, School of International Relations, St Andrews University