WHAT’S THE STORY?
IT was 45 years ago today that President Richard Milhous Nixon announced his resignation from the office of the Presidency of the United States of America, the only man ever to so.
Threatened with impeachment and inevitable exclusion from office due to the Watergate scandal, he announced his resignation in a speech broadcast live from the Oval Office of the White House at 9pm on August 8, 1974.
Nixon told the nation he would resign the following day at 12 noon and leave the White House, and with his wife Pat by his side as always, that is exactly what he did, making history of a sort he thought he never would.
WHY DID HE HAVE TO GO?
IN a word, Watergate. It was, and despite Donald Trump’s worst efforts, remains the biggest political scandal in US political history. The modern generation perhaps know it best from documentaries and films such as All The President’s Men, Frost/Nixon, and The Post, but for those who lived through the crisis, Watergate was an almost daily accompaniment to existence.
The scandal involved people linked to the campaign for Nixon’s re-election in 1972 breaking into the Watergate complex in Washington to raid the offices of the Democratic National Committee. A “machine” politician, Nixon and his administration tried to cover up the scandal and used Federal officials to investigate his opponents, particularly Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein of the Washington Post who led the media investigations.
Throughout 1973, revelation after revelation followed as the Senate Watergate Committee was set up and probed the inner workings of the White House. It was revealed that Nixon taped all conversations in the White House. After he fired his aides and the Attorney General resigned, the tapes – full of swearing by Nixon – were finally released, but heavily redacted.
WHAT CAUSED THE FINAL DEPARTURE?
THE so-called “smoking gun” tape proving Nixon knew of the cover-up and tried to conceal his involvement was released after a Supreme Court judgement in July 1974. Impeachment proceedings were already under way and when Republican leaders advised him he did not have the full support of the party, Nixon decided to go rather than be shoved.
WHAT DID HE SAY IN HIS RESIGNATION SPEECH?
HERE are a few excerpts from that speech which show how Nixon came to the conclusion that he had to go: “Throughout the long and difficult period of Watergate, I have felt it was my duty to persevere, to make every possible effort to complete the term of office to which you elected me.
“In the past few days, however, it has become evident to me that I no longer have a strong enough political base in the Congress to justify continuing that effort… “From the discussions I have had with congressional and other leaders, I have concluded that because of the Watergate matter I might not have the support of the Congress that I would consider necessary to back the very difficult decisions and carry out the duties of this office in the way the interests of the nation would require.”
The outgoing president added: “I have never been a quitter. To leave office before my term is completed is abhorrent to every instinct in my body. But as president, I must put the interest of America first. America needs a full-time president and a full-time Congress, particularly at this time with problems we face at home and abroad.”
AND WHAT DID HE SAY THE FOLLOWING DAY?
THE old stager went out on his orator’s shield, reaching new heights of eloquence as he bid farewell to his cabinet, to some of his White House staff, and some close friends, many of them openly weeping.
One passage has stood the test of time: “The greatness comes not when things go always good for you, but the greatness comes and you are really tested, when you take some knocks, some disappointments, when sadness comes, because only if you have been in the deepest valley can you ever know how magnificent it is to be on the highest mountain.”
Then he and Pat got into the Marine One presidential helicopter and flew off into exile.
NIXON’S LEGACY?
WITH the Vietnam War dividing the country, the US needed a decent leader. While Nixon did improve relations with the USSR and China, Watergate ended his reputation and left a legacy of mistrust of politicians that Donald Trump exploited. WILL TRUMP EVER RESIGN?
ARE you kidding? If so he would have gone by now. The Congressional arithmetic is in his favour, as are the polls. And the Republicans know their future depends on keeping Trump in office.
Why are you making commenting on The National only available to subscribers?
We know there are thousands of National readers who want to debate, argue and go back and forth in the comments section of our stories. We’ve got the most informed readers in Scotland, asking each other the big questions about the future of our country.
Unfortunately, though, these important debates are being spoiled by a vocal minority of trolls who aren’t really interested in the issues, try to derail the conversations, register under fake names, and post vile abuse.
So that’s why we’ve decided to make the ability to comment only available to our paying subscribers. That way, all the trolls who post abuse on our website will have to pay if they want to join the debate – and risk a permanent ban from the account that they subscribe with.
The conversation will go back to what it should be about – people who care passionately about the issues, but disagree constructively on what we should do about them. Let’s get that debate started!
Callum Baird, Editor of The National
Comments: Our rules
We want our comments to be a lively and valuable part of our community - a place where readers can debate and engage with the most important local issues. The ability to comment on our stories is a privilege, not a right, however, and that privilege may be withdrawn if it is abused or misused.
Please report any comments that break our rules.
Read the rules here