MSPs have voted to reject Boris Johnson's deal to take the UK out of the EU.
The Prime Minister's Withdrawal Agreement Bill is expected to complete its passage through the House of Commons on Thursday but MSPs were able to voice their disapproval of the legislation at Holyrood on Wednesday.
Under the devolution agreement, legislative consent is required for issues affecting devolved policy areas.
In practice, however, the UK Government is able to still proceed against the will of the Scottish, Welsh or Northern Irish administrations.
Having urged MSPs to vote to refuse consent to the Bill, Michael Russell, Scotland's Constitutional Relations Secretary, described the legislation as "uniquely offensive to Scottish democracy".
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MSPs voted to reject the UK Bill by 92 votes to 29.
"This is a sad moment in the history of Scotland and the United Kingdom," he said.
"A moment at odds with the outward-looking and internationalist values so many of us right across the UK hold dear.
"The Withdrawal Agreement Bill is the vehicle for implementing in domestic law this disastrous process.
"The Withdrawal Agreement which is contained in it and amplified by it is deeply damaging to the UK as the Scottish Government has set out in detail before.
"But it is particularly bad for Scotland, as all the evidence shows, and it is uniquely offensive to Scottish democracy.
"For England and Wales voted to leave and are leaving. Northern Ireland will have its own arrangements for a closer alignment and the right to decide their own future.
"Scotland, alone of the four nations, voted remain but is being forced to leave with no special arrangements or say over its future relationship with the European Union."
READ MORE: WATCH: SNP MP shouted down as he talks about independence at PMQs
Russell said the Withdrawal Agreement Bill "goes contrary to the wishes of the majority of people in Scotland".
He added: "We cannot approve it because there has been no attempt by the UK to involve us in any sort of mutually agreeable process, indeed the reverse has been the case for the last three and a half years.
"And we cannot approve it because it alters and diminishes the basic rights of so many, including some of our most vulnerable fellow human beings."
Scottish Tory constitutional spokesman Adam Tomkins said the Tories would finally deliver Brexit after securing a majority of MPs at Westminster in last month's General Election.
"The Bill will pass, the Withdrawal Agreement will take effect and this United Kingdom will at last leave the European Union at the end of this month," he said.
"Finally it will all be over, Brexit will be sorted because a majority Conservative Government will deliver and give effect to the decision that the British people made more than three long years ago that we should leave.
"Those are the facts and all the rest is just noise."
Scottish Labour's Alex Rowley said his party would be backing the Scottish Government in withholding consent for the UK Bill.
He said: "On such a crucial issue as the future of our nation and its relationship with Europe and the rest of the world, Scotland's Parliament and Scotland's Government must have a key role in that negotiation process."
Rowley added: "We also have to be honest and make clear that, while Brexit will now happen, it will not be over with for a very, very long time".
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